Linux quiz 99 First, Live Linux:12 asked 1. What is Linux? Linux is a birth of the Internet and growth in network maturation in the peculiar system for the network. 1991, the Finnish university student Linus Torvalds had an idea to develop a free UNIX system for the idea that time Linux was born, in order to keep the fledgling system for vector packs Linux Linus will work through their own Internet publication. Since then a large number of well-known and unknown computer hackers and programmers to join the process of development, Linux has grown up gradually. Linux is beginning to require all source code must be open, and no one is allowed to profit from trading Linux. But this is purely for the ideals of free software will be detrimental to the development and popularity of Linux, therefore Linux is beginning to GPL, the GNU to become a member of the main camp. Now, by virtue of outstanding design Linux, the extraordinary performance, coupled with IBM, Intel, CA, CORE and the strong support of Oracle and other internationally renowned enterprises, the market share is gradually expanding, and gradually become the mainstream for the world. 2. What is free software? Since 1984, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, support for "the world last hacker" Richard stallman in software development groups launched the free software movement, the Free Software Foundation FSF, the GNU GPL agreement and the birth of this project, opened the Ah Q Have the free software revolution. GPL overall public license agreement, which is antagonistic to the traditional commercial software licensing agreements CopyRight, was called CopyLeft. GPL ensure that no one is the freedom to share and modify free software. All persons have the right to, modify and redistribute the source code free software, at no additional cost and provides the conditions under which free software source code. Also provides free software derivative works to be re-released as GPL license agreement. And GNU project aims to establish a free release, the Unix-like system for transplantation. 3. Technically speaking, whatever the merits of Linux? 1) to provide a more advanced network support : embedded TCP protocol; 2) a real sense of the multi-task and multi-user system for; 3) the source code level compatibility with UNIX system, with the IEEE POSIX standard; 4) the core simulation FPU; 5) File System support dozens of formats; 6) fully operational in protected mode, taking full advantage of the CPU performance; 7) Open Source, users can improve their own systems; 8) advanced memory management, more effective use of physical memory; 4. I need to learn Linux? Strongly suggest that you stay away from beginners : computer configuration, and management of Linux is very cumbersome to embrace it user-friendly Windows graphical user interface; Windows word processing : years of development, has developed a set of "WYSIWYG" word processing software, the choice of the white and black clothes vi war; Programming lovers : Linux source code completely transparent programming enthusiasts is a blessing. Kernel analysis, is not tailored to your wishes? How kind, try! Network Manager : embrace Linux bars. According to the authoritative assessment body, the Linux machines in the network services with the efficiency of the allocation of NT 1.8 times, but also free of charge, the boss will laugh. In short, if you have one of the following conditions, it is right to embrace Linux : 1) Programming a frenzy of love and always like to use procedures to solve the problem; 2) the study with a strong spirit, like the issue of temptation; 3) Construction of the network server are interested; 4) The old bugbear of your PC, running Windows snail; 5) wants to learn and understand for UNIX systems; 6) extremely offensive Windows Screen death; 7) do not want to spend money, like the use of legitimate software. 5.Linux will replace Windows 9x? Computer applications can be divided into desktop applications (workstation / Client) and server applications, desktop applications, direct client-oriented and achieve some individual work; Server application is some background processing system to achieve universal service. For desktop applications, ease of use is very important for the server, performance reliability and stability is more important. Therefore, the performance of server design reliable and stable systems for the UNIX system design and user friendly interface for desktop Windows 9x system has been coexist for a long time for the mainstream system. Linux is a type system for UNIX system for the consideration of the stability of its design considerations much more user-friendly than it is not a desktop system, nor is it intended to replace the desktop system. So Linux will not replace the Windows 9x. 6.Linux Who better with Windows? Enter the system for Microsoft Windows NT server system for the weapon system designed to meet the needs of the server under Windows 9x into the advantages of graphical user interface, which makes it easy to use, users like well, its market share has risen steadily. However, a graphical interface, so that the efficiency of the system is reduced, so are suitable for SMEs and individual users, to use the occasion to strict performance requirements. And Linux is applicable to emphasize performance, not the requirements of the application user interface. What is the difference 7.Linux with UNIX? Linux also is a member of the family of UNIX, which has many characteristics with the UNIX is the same, the biggest difference between them lies in the following points : 1) Most of the UNIX system with supporting hardware and Linux can run on a variety of hardware platforms; 2) UNIX is a commercial software, Linux is free software, free, open-source's. 8.Linux which can be used in the field? 1) areas : advanced design, these two characteristics make it open-source Linux as a living textbook for the class system; 2) Network Server areas : stability, robustness, low system requirements and network functionality makes Linux has become the preferred system for Internet server, and has now reached a 25% share; 3) : Enterprise Intranet can be used to set up low input E-MAIL server, Web server, proxy server, transparent gateway, router; 4) video production areas : the famous "Titanic" by more than 200 Taiwan Linux is the collaboration of the special effects. 9.Linux system for the development of present and future? The LinuxWorld Conference in 2000, evidently felt free to the community : the release of the support system for greatly enhanced, especially the many hardware manufacturers, such as IBM, HP and Dell have joined the Linux field, will greatly promote the development of this system for. Although, now complicated by multiple Linux distribution version of each array, thus lowering the overall combat readiness of Linux. However, the industry believed that the issuance of the final version will have continuous breakdown of the market, will concentrate on dealing with the more professional versions of all things. Linux experienced market system for the test, it will certainly create greater glory. 10.Linux have any effect on the software industry? First, but it is thinking of programmers and is humanity's common culture. Later, Microsoft founder Bill. Mr. Gates have created a new model of the software industry : the procedure is to spend money to buy, and the program is the intellectual property programmers are in need of protection. This business model provides Microsoft software empire, but also the world's richest man Bill pushed to the position. If, for Microsoft Windows has made great contributions to the world, then it will also bring a monopoly and the development of the software industry in itself. They want the free software GNU project FSF organization to break this pattern once again let programmers share ideas all the crystallization-source code. Linux and the accession, the organization makes more potent free software, it is proved that indeed had a profound impact on the software industry. Meanwhile, the development of Linux peculiar way, as well as valuable experience in the software industry in innovation. 11. How do I learn Linux? 1) to read more books Linux, "Linux bible", "mystery RedHat Linux," "Linux System Management White Paper"; 2) the courage to experiment and often use Linux, the Linux learning from practice, a gentle push "try again"; 3) through the Internet and Linux enthusiasts who regularly exchange, self-improvement. 12. What online resources for Linux? On the Internet, many websites on Linux, the more outstanding Chinese websites : 1) : There www.linuxaid.com.cn Linux Forum Online, Knowledge Base, online training, solution columns; 2) : Here is www.linuxforum.net was the most popular Linux Forum; 3) : It is a newer and faster Linux www.lslnet.com/linux special website; 4) www.linuxbyte.com : Linux is a good website; 5) : Linux www.clinuxdevelop.org Alliance; 6) clyan.hongnet.com:linux Database Application Guide. Second, Linux Wonderland : Question 7 13.RedHat Linux 6.5 and Linux 2.4 version? Recently a number of newspapers and websites have the latest version of the Linux 2.4 what? Linux is being used by many beginners RedHat Linux version 6.5. Which version of a higher? In fact, this issue is two different versions! RedHat Linux is used to support a number of Linux and Linux software, application software bundled version of the issue, the issue of version 6.5 is the version number. Linux and the Linux kernel version 2.4 is referring to. Linus is maintaining the Linux core, which is usually two to three versions of its components, such as the most stable 2.2.15 : 1) Section 2 is a version of its main general in a relatively stable period. 2) The second version is No. 2, even if it is, is the official representative, if it is odd, is the representative of the test version of the development process, such as an official from 2.4, 2.3.x developers in the use of the test version of the version; 3) the amendment of its last 15, 2.2.15 to 2.2.14 is done from some minor revisions. This special version of a common nomenclature is intended to facilitate the development and formulation of the Internet. What 14.Linux the release version? Linux version of the issue is to make a Linux kernel and application software packages. More famous : SlackWare, RedHat, Debain, Mandrake, SuSE, Xlinux, TurboLinux, BluePoint, RedFlag, Xterm other. 15.RedHat Linux What characteristics? RedHat Linux is the most mature version of a Linux distribution, or sale of its installed capacity in the market are on the boss. In almost all of the older generation of Chinese fans RedHat Linux users. There will be a lot of the article is aimed at RedHat run. RedHat Linux plain, concise and stability, as commercial applications, delving into a good Linux platform. 16.TurboLinux What are the characteristics? TurboLinux is a United States company to establish the release version, in the early days of its commitment to the internationalization of Linux, and its Chinese version is the first version of the maturity of Chinese Linux distribution. TurboLinux specific application-oriented focus, the release version developed for different applications, the growing international influence, RedHat is a major competitor. 17.BluePoint, Xterm, RedFlag Linux Three Chinese Who? BludePoint Linux by Devin, Samuel, hahalee three Chinese kernel hackers join the masterpiece through the Internet, popular Chinese Linux enthusiasts on the Internet at home. It is the main characteristic of the finished : kernel-level, there are many things on your own. Xterm is produced by the company, surfing version of the Linux distribution that can be described as China's earliest Linux distribution version. The most important feature : it is a good user interface, a low entry threshold, had tried for beginner Linux. 文 from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing University Founder, Compaq jointly developed is based on the improvement of the Chinese version of RedHat Linux. It is characterized by : the development of powerful, authoritative, a try. 18. What version of Linux for me? Relatively speaking, SlackWare, RedHat, Debain three more suitable version of a certain issue basis, or emphasizing performance and stability of the people. I strongly recommend the use RedHat. TurboLinux, BluePoint, RedFlag, Mandrake in a more friendly user interface than the first three, moderate stability, Turbo, BulePoint, RedFlag also embedded in the Chinese support Windows to Linux is just a person the best option. And Xterm, Lenovo Happy such as user interface more outstanding Chinese language support built-in, tying more games, office software, the Linux more suitable for beginners or those who try to use. With these views were, as time changes, the above evaluation will be a bit biased, for reference purposes only. 19. How Linux? You can obtain Linux through the following methods : 1) downloaded from the website, www.redhat.com, freesoft.cei.gov.cn; 2) the purchase of Linux distribution version of the CD-ROM; 3) complex system Linux distribution version of the CD, which is legal in GPL! ! 3 : 35 into the hall asked Linux 20. An 装Linux, what are the requirements for hardware? Linux on the hardware requirements are very low, running at more than 386 above CPU,8M memory on the IBM PC. However, due to inadequate equipment manufacturers support, but Linux support is not very good for a lot of new equipment, new equipment is always a step behind the driver. 21. An 装Linux what needs to be done in preparation? 1) data collection system memory size : record, CDROM adapter types, models Features of SCSI Card, NIC models, the mouse type chip chipset, clock chips, Xiancun size and other related information; 2) Inspect CMOS setup, and the closure of virus development, CD-ROM installed from the start; 3) If your Linux installation disk need not produced since the launch of the Startup Disk; 4) installation of spare hard disk space for Linux, 1G is the best around. 22. On what basis should 装Linux prior knowledge? An 装Linux, at least two main districts : District native Linux, Linux Swap exchange district. Linux storage area for the main document exchange area for the Linux operating with virtual memory. 8-256M each exchange area, which could consist of up to eight, and generally create a great memory, etc.]. DOS, no matter physics, logic, each district is a separate segment, such as C : disk, disk D, E sites, each site has a list of root. In Linux, physics is a branch, which is a logic all the district overall, Linux is only one root catalog. 23.Linux how naming my hard disk? Linux on the hard drive, and DOS are basically the same, we have to do zoning, and then again formatting. Outline of the order is different from the DOS, each branch is expressed in a letter and in Linux is more flexible, through the combination of letters and numbers marking disk. If "hda1" hd is a part, the representative of IDE hard disks, if the SCSI hard disk, for sa;a representatives of the main hard drive IDE1 mouth (2 behalf of mouth from the hard drive IDE1 and IDE2 representatives of the three main population hard disks, four representatives of mouth from the hard drive IDE2); The final figure represents the district in the equipment order The first four Division (Division and the expansion of the main branch) 1-4, soft logic district from the beginning. 24. How to install Linux? Each Linux distribution version of the installation methods are not quite the same, but in general have gone through the following phases : 1) : for example, setting up the installation of some basic language, keyboard; 2) Hard Disk and format are : general release version of a graphical interface, if the fans are not familiar with the best in the hard disk under the guidance of experts; 3) : Recommendation beginners choose to install all the software installed until after the subsequent re familiar with the conventions, throw it down so that the process of learning; 4) The equipment : If a printer, network adapter, the chip, please choose according to the actual situation; 5) Setting installed equipment in the main recommendations : to guide fans to use multiple boot systems guide; 6) Super Linux users root password. Each reference to the relevant information we can to try to install Linux. 25. For more than one hard disk installed in the system? Many Linux enthusiasts want to keep for Windows 9x systems, security 装Linux. In order to make the number of automatic choice, we need a manager start, a very good start with Linux ---lilo manager. So for a number of systems installed, you only need to be installed on other system for security 装Linux Finally, in the main guide fans will be installed on linux, restart the system, it will be waiting for you linux : make your choice to activate the system. 26. How to configure Linux started manager lilo? /etc/lilo.conf Needed revision, and then to allow the implementation of /sbin/lilo effect. The following are examples of a document lilo.conf : Boot=/dev/hda Map=/boot/map Install=/boot/boot.b Prompt Timeout=50 Default=linux Image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.5-15 Label=linux Root=/dev/hda1 Initrd=/boot/initrd-2.2.5-15.img Read-only Other=/dev/hda2 Label=windows Among them, waiting for the importation of the timeout was used to set up linux, the choice of if not five seconds into default; Default option used to designate which started acquiescence; Linux image sections designated for the startup of information, including the initiation of location names --linux; Other sub-systems used for the initiation of other specified information, including the initiation of location, name. 27. How to Start, closed system? Linux started very simple, just choose Linux in linux (importation of Linux) that will be in the start-up process, it will write to the console much information until there Login : User Login suggested that the importation of a user ID and password can download system, which began to explore the world of Linux. Turned off when they should not direct the closure of computer power that would undermine the Linux file system, you can use the following order to achieve : 1) : resuming implementation of the order or press the Ctrl + Del + Alt key reboot; 2) closed system : Executive Order shutdown-h now. 28.Linux the list with DOS/Windows What is the difference? Linux similar to the DOS file system and has also been adopted by the tree structure. However, the catalog said it is completely different from the Linux "/" said Gen catalog, and DOS "," said Gen catalog. Following is a list of commonly used Linux in order : 1) "catalog mkdir" : creating a catalog; 2) "rmdir list of" Contents : Delete the air; 3) "cd list of" Contents : change; Note : cd box with the list of members must be between such fundamental to the list required "cd /" rather than "and corresponding" 4), "pwd" : check where the catalog; 29. How in the documents for Linux? You can use 1s -1 order catalog presents detailed information on the equivalent of the DOS DIR Color orders. 1s export orders as follows : Total 2 Xu user drwxr-xr-x 2 Mar 13 1024 0:34 sub1 L xu user -rw-r----- 678 Jun 15 1:45 hodo.txt Most left out is a document / Contents authority, is the No. 3 out is the main message is shown in section 4 is the main host user groups, 5 out of space is the size of the share, followed by the date and time shown in the final document / Contents name. Here are some commonly used documents order : Rm : Delete the document more copies of documents : Browse cp : 30. How editing a text document? You can use vi editor to a paper document, it is most popular in the Unix world of word processing tools, and almost all UNIX machines have the editor. 1) : vi start implementation of the "vi document", launched in order vi state can import various vi order, not editors; 2) Inventory : w, from the WT : wq not count q!; from : 3) inserted into the editor : i : state, a new Karlsson : 4) : from the state by ESC键 editor; 5) into a state of editors, editors together like Dos edit; 6) In order under some typical order : Vernier where x delete characters; Dd out where deleted Vernier. 31. End install Linux, a lot of root directories are talking about? /bin : Storing the most commonly used commands. /boot : Activating the Linux core document; /dev : Equipment; /etc : Storing various configuration files; /home Main users : Contents; /lib : The basic system shared DLL library; /mnt : General was empty, used temporary loading another file system; /proc : Virtual catalogs, memory mapping; System administrators placed orders /sbin : Contents; /usr : The biggest catalog, depositors allow applications and documents; /usr/X11R6:X-Window Catalog; /usr/src:Linux Source code; /usr/include : System header file; /usr/lib : DLL share common storage tank and a static archive; /usr/bin, /usr/sbin : This is /bin, /sbin a supplement; 32. How to install the card? You can use the installation card to root netconf logging operation. NIC importation of the equipment, while its choice of network adapter module, IO address, IRQ interrupt information, and then count from the implementation : /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart; If your card not included in the list of options for the NIC module, you need to download the driver, then be compiled module. Finally, "insmod module" order the installation. 33. D-Link network adapter DE220 how to drive? D-Link DE220 A Cost is good, I support that assembling the ISA card. However, precisely because that is equipped with functions that make its Linux installation encountered some troubles : 1) DOS environment using the DE220 NIC driver setup sites will be set up as a tool for non-PNP; 2) to obtain their Windows control panel interrupted its IO address and, under normal circumstances, IO address is 240, is No. 10; interruption 3) start Linux, the entry after the implementation of the "netconf", as the first piece of card Enable equipment called eth0, for the ne module, IO address 0x240, IRQ to 10; 4) Inventory withdrawal, the operation could /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart. 34. How DFE530 TX D-Link network adapter driver? D-Link network adapter is 530 TX A cost-adaptive better 10M/100M PCI card, there is a vast group of users, then there is no Linux installation guides included in the list. In fact, the general This card contains the Linux have driven modules : tulip.o, you can directly implement "insmod tulip" to complete the installation of the network adapter. 35. How DFE540 TX D-Link network adapter driver? If your card is a D-Link DFE540 TX, and not to choose when installing the network card, it could cause some unnecessary troubles. 1) http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/tulip.html downloaded from the latest tulip.c documents, and under the complicated system of /usr/src/tulip; 2) the following order : compiler generated tulip.o #cd /usr/src/tulip #gcc -DMODVERSIONS -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O6-C tulip.c 3) implementation insmod tulip.o; 4) the implementation of /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart, NIC effect. 36. How driven Davicom 9201 NIC? 装Linux Davicom 9201 PCI card in the Security Council, are not complete. In fact, most of the Linux distribution version of the equipment provided to the NIC driver module ---dmfe.o, if your machine is such a card, then we can ignore the security 装Linux when NIC configuration, installation End Start System, recording, the Executive : "insmod dmfe" order-driven modules added, then implement "/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart" it. 37. The second NIC how to drive? In Linux, you can easily use configuration tool netconf The second NIC installed, the second choice in netconf block NIC equipment Name : eth1 and choose their drive module, the importation of IRQ and IO address its interruption, from the disk, the implementation : /etc/rc.d/init.d/network Restart 38. Driving how ordinary sound card? Linux provides a very user-friendly system configuration tools sndconfig the sound card, the sound card if you are affordable, we can use it to drive your sound card : 1) Using the root logger system, the operating /usr/sbin/sndconfig; 2) the list of options to choose from the sound card to your sound card for the general sound card can be used SoundBlaster; 3) After the election, you need to set up sound card sndconfig IRQ and IO address its interruption, according to the actual circumstances of your choice; 4) provision of complete 按OK button, the voice heard on the success of Linus said. 39. How YAMAHA719 driven sound card? Yamaha719 Sound Card Driver in Linux is very troublesome : 1) Re-core compiler, or do not choose to SB like SB Pro sound card, the chip selected CRYSTAL : SOFTWARE; 2) and then re-allocation sound card, the election CS4xxx choice; 3) re-good corresponding I/O地址, interrupted IRQ, DMA can. If your sound card is a Yamaha 724, please use OSS solution. 40. Overall sound card installation procedures on how to use OSS? A sound card is Linux OSS solution to the difficult problem of the distribution of commercial software, which supports most of the Linux distribution version, you can download http://www.opensound.com/. 1) The OSS software download osslinux392v-glibc-2212-UP.tar.gz codecs : Tar zxvf osslinux392v-glibc-2212-UP.tar.gz 2) In the catalog implementation untied. /oss-install Procedure usually suggest other sound card modules you have installed, removed choice; 3) Next is the process, the agreement and a lot of things, the acceptance of the installation, the installation path can be used acquiescence (/usr/lib/oss); 4) that can automatically detect most oss sound card, and if your actual position, directly in the menu option "Save changes and Exit. . "Completion of the establishment; 5) you can use driver oss /usr/lib/oss/soundon order to open with the closure oss /usr/lib/osssoundoff driven. 41. ALSA how to use the installation program overall sound card? ALSA, the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture, to comply with the GPL is a copyright of the overall solution PCI sound card software. This software includes two tar and rpm format, which is easier to install rpm format, here to rpm包 as an example. 1) to download the following four documents : http://www.alsa-project.org Alsa-driver-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm Alsa-lib-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm Alsa-utils-0.4.1-1.i386.rpm Alsaconf-0.4.1-1.386.rpm 2) the installation and implementation of the following orders : Rpm -ivh alsa-driver-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm Rpm -ivh alsa-lib-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm Rpm -ivh alsa-utils-0.4.1-1.i386.rpm Rpm -ivh alsaconf-0.4.1-1.386.rpm 3) and then implement alsaconf order to select an appropriate sound card type; 4) restart system, and then executing orders : /usr/doc/alsa-driver/snddvices 42.Linux how to install Modem? 1) In Windows you look at what the Modem Port; 2) in Linux to the world through the use of direct and Modem port, its relationship as follows : COM1:/dev/cau0 COM2:/dev/cau1 COM3:/dev/cau2 COM4:/dev/cau3 3) Modem set up the highest rate : #setserial /dev/cau1 Spd.hi (the highest rate as the 57600bps) #setserial /dev/cau1 Spd.vhi (the highest rate as the 115200bps) 43. Modem dialing through the Internet? 1) ln /dev/modem /dev/cau1 executing orders (actual) 2) Create a script theorem : touch, adding : /usr/sbin/pppd Connect '/usr/sbin/chat "" ATDT163 CONNECT "" ogin:username wordassword' /dev/modem 38,400 modems defaultrout Use your username and password to access the account and PIN numbers substitute. 3) You can also use the KDE kppp convenient tool to achieve. 44.Linux under a graphical interface? To improve the graphical interface for Unix system, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1984 started a X-window development program, more than ten years of development, has become a Unix/Linux X-window the free software world the fact that the standard graphical interface. X-window divided into three levels : 1) X-Window bottom of the Secretary is to achieve the minimum level; 2) X-SERVER, associated with the chip in the middle layer; 3) window manager, and the fulfillment of the ultimate user interface, such as KDE and GNOME, etc.. 45. How to configure X-Window? The machine is based on the actual allocation of the so-called X-Window option X-SERVER equipment. Xf86config or through the graphical interface to Xconfigure allocation procedures. 1) Xconfigure operating procedures, and then choose a suitable type of chip, if not, then you need to download the chip-driven; 2) choose Xiancun size and X-SERVER; 3) choose a suitable resolution and deep color combinations 4) Inventory withdrawal, the operation started startx X-Window. 46. How to drive intel i740 chip? If you are unable to identify the Linux i740, then you can do : 1) database and download the new i740 XBF Display Driver : Xf86config-glibc-1.0.0.i386.tgz and xfcomi740.tgz 2) codecs two packages cover the original list : Tar xvfz /tmp/xf86config*.tgz Tar xvfz /tmp/xfcomi740.tgz 3) implementation cp /usr/X11R6/bin/XFCom_i740 /usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_XBF_i740; 4) xf86config used for the allocation of the election : 6; vertical scanning frequency display Refresh Rate Level 2; elected Secretary in the chip selection, the EAC 311 (i740); Display types election Server 5.00 5) Upon completion of the distribution operation startx on the list. 47. How to drive intel i810 chip? Intel i740 chip the two companies, the i810 driver for Linux lovers have caused much trouble, Intel Corporation to take practical action to support Linux, especially on its Web site a detailed briefing on the i810 chip in the Linux distribution, you can download and install the following website : description and software Http://support.intel.com/support/graphics/intel810/linuxinstal.htm 48. How Savage4 Display Driver? 1) to download savage2000 www.linhardware.com the driver; 2) The use of tar paper were untied -xvfz Driver; 3) decompression, you can see the five documents, one of which is XF86_SVGA; 4) Backup /usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_SVGA then XF86_SVGA complex system to the new list, was replaced this document; 5) re-running xf86config distribution, the election of Caliper, X-server election, the EAC 3 (also SVGA), and no detection; 6) after the completion of Operation startx -bpp32 on it. 49. How SAVAGE3D Display Driver? 1) to download ftp.lib.pku.edu.cn/incoming/savageX Savage3D Display Driver : SavageX_0_1_4.tar.gz; 2) codecs for the process, with a new replacement /usr/X11R6/bin XF86_SVGA the original documents; 3) Operation Xconfigurator, choose Unlisted Card Display Configuration, select the Xserver to SVGA; 4) Upon completion, the operation x-win startx operation. 50. Have driven the overall chip? Due to the limited support for the chip manufacturer, makes Linux has been driven by the chip problem. To solve this problem, and provides a new Linux 2.2.x versions of the frame buffer solution -- equipment used by VES ΔVBE 2.0 standards, the use of the chip SVGA, coupled with the XFree86 XF86_FBDev, driving your chip. This can indeed help you busy months. 1) Recognize your XF86_FBDev papers, if not downloaded from ftp.xfree86.org; 2) implementation of the "c 29 0 mknod /dev/fb0" build frame buffer equipment; 3) amend /etc/lilo.conf documents, adding : Image = /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.5-fb (translation of the new kernel) Label = linuxfb (start labeling can be set) Root = /dev/hda2 (refer to other parts of lilo.conf) Vga = 0x314 (Display model, in the light of the following table) Report : Display Mode Table 1280x1024 1024x768 640x480 context 256 color 0x301 0x303 0x305 0x307 0x310 0x313 0x316 0x319 32k color 64k color 0x311 0x314 0x317 0x31A 16M color 0x312 0x315 0x318 0x31B 4) the implementation of /sbin/lilo so that the allocation of force, and then restart the system, start with a new core system. Of course, if you have the support of the kernel, so there is no need for such a change, a direct vga=, where on the list. 5) followed by the frame buffer Server Configuration : China vga /etc/X11/XF86Config reference configuration, add a screen section, as follows : Section "Screen" Driver "fbdev" Device "My Video Card" Monitor "MAG XJ500T" Subsection "Display" Depth 16 (color depth, in front of the chosen model, with the same depth) Modes "default" ViewPort 0 0 EndSubsection EndSection 6) : X at XF6_FBDev Cd /etc/X11 Mv X X.bat Ln X -snf /usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_FBDev 51. Through ISDN line? ISDN applications are becoming more and more popular, it is fast, cheap and well like the Internet, then in Linux through ISDN line? 1) Recognize you have the Linux kernel module includes support for ISDN; 2) : Driving ISDN卡 That the non-use equipment that can be used Teles 16.3 ISDN卡 order : #modeprobe Hisax io=0x180 irq=10 type=3 protocol=2 id=isdn0 For plug and play, then : #pnpdump>/etc/isdn.conf #isapnp/etc/isdn.conf #modprobe Hisax irq=10 io=0x680 type=14 protocol=2 id=isdn0 3) Isdn4Linux installation, and implementation scripts catalog "makedev.sh" Script adding ISDN equipment; 4) implementation supports dynamic IP; echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr order them 5) to write a script based on the use of ISDN ppp script on the list. 52. CD-ROM on how to use Linux? 1) Create a list of used CDs directory tree where : Mkdir /mnt/cdrom Of course, the customary list of people you can name. 2) insert the CD-ROM implementation of the "mount - t iso9660 /dev/hdc /mnt/floppy" orders; Note that if you accept the first CD-ROM disk on the hard drive from the line, there is a need to re-/dev/hdb; /dev/hdc 3) Then you can visit /mnt/cdrom visit to realize the disc; 4) When you are not used to implement "umount /mnt/cdrom" get discs. 53. Floppy Drive in how to use Linux? 1) CD-ROM with a similar build CFTD catalog; 2) insert the floppy disk, the implementation of the "mount - t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy" orders Note : If the disk is a long file name format will be posted on the orders of the "msdos" with the words "vfat" If the Linux file format, the word "t msdos"; 3） 当你不使用时，执行“umount /mnt/floppy”，再取出软盘。 54.如何在Linux下读取非Linux分区的内容？ 1） 创建一个目录：mkdir /mnt/other 2） 执行“mount –t 文件系统类型 分区 /mnt/other”命令； 注：文件系统类型包括：modos—FAT16、vfat—FAT32、ntfs—NTFS； 分区指该分区的设备名。 3） 当你不需要使用时，执行“umount /mnt/other”。 四、 Linux下的“神兵利器”：15问 55.KDE是什么，有什么特点？ KDE项目在1996年10月发起的，其目的是在X-Window上建立一个完整易用的桌面环境。KDE现在除了拥有KFM(类似于IE4.0)、KPresenter(类似PowerPoint)、KIllustrator(类似CorelDraw或 Illustrator)等重量级软件，还有体贴用户的GUI配置软件可以帮助用户配置Unix/Linux，使其深受使用者欢迎。 但由于KDE是基于由TrollTech公司开发的Qt程序库的，所以也受到了许多批评。虽然Qt本身作为一基于C++的跨平台开发工具是非常优秀，但可惜的是它不是自由软件。Qt的License允许任何人使用Qt编写免费软件及免费拷贝给其他用户使用，但如果利用Qt编写非免费软件则需要购买他们的License。更重要的是任何人都不可以随意修改Qt源代码。如果TrollTech公司更改Qt License、公司倒闭或给人收购等都会令KDE前功尽弃。 56.GNOME是什么，有什么特点？ 1997年8 月，为了克服KDE所遇到的QT许可协议和单一C++依赖的困难，以墨西哥的Miguel de Icaza为首的250程序员就开始了一个新项目，完全从头开始，这就是GNOME。 经过14个月的共同努力，终于完成了这个工程。现在GNOME已得到了占Linux 市场份额最大发行商Red Hat 的支持，拥有了大量应用软件，包括文字处理软件Go，电子表格软件Gnumeric，日历程序GNOMEcal，堪与PhotoShop 媲美的图形图像处理软件Gimp 等。 现在GNOME与KDE成为了两大竞争阵营，必将使得Linux更加易于使用。 57.在Linux下如何播放CD？ 当你成功地在Linux环境下驱动了你的声卡之后，你就可以通过使用X-window中的一个CD播放器来播放CD了，它在多媒体工具中。界面如下图所示： 58.能不能在Linux下播放VCD？ 你可以使用MpegTV Player 1.0这个Linux下的VCD播放器实现你的愿望。　　安装MpegTVPlayer不需要特殊的硬件设备，只需运行X Window即可使用。 它模仿了录像机的播放控制键，如 : 播放、快进、快退、停止、定格、搜索、音量调节、静声、音量平衡、循环播放、画面放大缩小、自动播放等。播放过程会显示整个节目要用时间、已用时间。 你可以到下面站点下载MpegTV Play：http://www.mpegtv.com。 59.有没有Linux下MP3播放工具？ Linux下有很多MP3的播放工具，其中mpg123 应该是最经典的一种，它可以在控制台使用。许多图形界面的mp3播放软体都是利用这个程式来 播放mp3的。下面是它的一些基本的参数介绍： -a device 设定所使用的音效装置,预设为/dev/audio或/dev/dsp -@ file 从档案file中读取要播放的mp3档案名称列表 -z 随机播放 如果只是要单纯地播放一两首歌，或是要播放一整个目录下的歌，利用mpg123倒是个不错的选择，若是要复杂一点的功能如选择多目录内的特定mp3档案，那可能需要写个script来执行。 60.如何在Linux下浏览网页？ 想要浏览网页，需要满足两个条件： 1） 你的电脑已经连上了Internet； 2） 使用浏览器软件来实现浏览；在Linux下有两种常用的浏览器： 控制台下可以使用lynx； X-window中可以使用netscape的Linux版本； 它们的使用方法与在Windows中的浏览器基本类似。 61.如何在Linux下收发E-Mail 在Linux下你可以使用mail、pine在控制台命令行下收发E-Mail，在X-window中可以使用Kmail来收来E-Mail。 62.能不能让Linux显示中文呢？ 用的英文版的Linux，你可以安装中文模拟终端chdrv使Linux能在命令行状态下显示和汉字。chdrv启动后在tty7（用Ctrl+Alt+F7）建立一个虚拟终端，用户在tty7上登录后就可以使用它提供的中文支持。 到ftp://ftp.ihep.ac.cn/pub/chinese/system获取已编译的chdrvbin-0.23.gb.tar.gz文件和字体文件chdrvfont.tar.gz，然后执行： tar xvzf chdrvbin-0.23.gb.tar.gz mv chdrvfont.tar.gz chdrv-0.23.gb/ cd chdrv-0.23.gb 进入此目录 ./installbin 运行安装文件 63.有没有Linux下的中文输入法？ 如果你使用的Linux是中文版，就无需另外安装了。如果你使用英文版的Linux的话，你可以安装chinput来实现中文输入。你可以到下面网址下载： http://www.turbolinux.com.cn/~justiny/download/chinput-2.1.tar.gz 1） 下载后，解开该文件：tar -xvzf chinput-2.1.tar.gz 2） 解开后，进入 Chinput-2.1/src 里，修改 chinput.c文件，查找 GBK字样，将其改为 GB2312。再查找system("/usr/bin/zwincontrol &")；语句，将其取消（在前面加上 // ）； 3） 修改完后，执行make命令编译； 4）编译完成后，就可以在X-Window环境下使用了。 64.除了VI，还有其他文字编辑软件吗？ Vi是UNIX/Linux环境下最通用的一种编辑软件，但是它不是很友好。如果你对它不满意的话还可以尝试其它一些如emacs、joe等编辑工具。 笔者极力推荐emacs，这是自由软件基金FSF之父stallman的杰作，也是GNU项目第一个重磅炸弹，的确十分优秀，值得一试。不过最大缺点就是太复杂。 65.Linux下有没有像office一样的软件？ 有，StarOffice就是基于Linux的一个办公软件的套件，它是一个商业软件包，其中包括字处理、电子表格、幻灯片制作等MS Office软件包含有的软件。对于个人用户还提供一个免费的版本。用户可以到以下站点下载： http://studio.linux.org.cn。 StarOffice Office Suite for Linux是为非商业用户准备的，商业用户要使用StarOffice Office 则需要许可证。 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/staroffice 66.Linux下有没有像photoshop一样的软件？ 有，Linux下有一款十分著名的平面图形处理软件—GIMP。它的界面比Photoshop更简洁,启动时只有一个工具栏,看起来和Photoshop差不多.主菜单在用鼠标右键单击打开的图象时才弹出,像Channels,layers,brushes......一应俱全,外观也和Photoshop极为相似,用不着花时间去适应了. .... 这还不算特点.比Photoshop优越的地方也不少:如支持的图象格式极多,支持Texture Brush,像Painter那样刷出底纹图案来. Filter也更多了,比如有一种叫Alien Map的,把RGB三色进行sin,cos运算,达到特殊效果,真是奇思妙想.Undo功能也不错,我试了一下,至少支持5次undo.还有更令人欣喜的,就是对Web的支持,可以很轻松的做出定制的箭头,按钮,背景图案等,比Photoimpact更强大。 如果你离不开PHOTOSHOP,又付不起ADOBE掌柜的帐，又自认为玩艺术的人不用D版，试试GIMP吧！ 67.能在Linux下玩游戏吗？ 现在已经有For Linux的游戏了，除了大名鼎鼎的Doom之外，还用一些像acm—空战模拟游戏、xdemineur—挖地雷、xjewel—俄罗斯方块、xboard—国际象棋、xboing—弹珠台游戏。而且现在越来越多，为你在枯燥的学习中添上一丝乐趣。 68.在Linux下有C语言吗？其它语言呢？ 在Linux下有自由软件基金FSF创建的重磅炸弹---GCC，它是一个强大的编译器，目前堪称是全世界效率最高的C/C++编译器，现在已经广泛应用在各种UNIX环境下。虽然，现在还没有C语言的集成开发环境，但这丝毫不影响GCC的流行，这也许就是自由的力量吧！ 同时，Linux下也提供Fortran、Pascal、Perl、Cobol等多种语言的支持。 69.Linux下有哪些数据库软件？ Linux下有许多种数据库软件可供使用，其中有Oracle for Linux、IBM DB2 for Linux、Mysql、mSql、Post等。 五、 做好Linux的管理员：21问 70.如何检查Linux硬盘使用情况？ 在Linux环境下，你可以使用df命令来查看硬盘的使用情况。下面就是一个df –T –h(-T参数：显示文件系统类型，-h参数用可读性较高的方式来显示信息)命令的输入实例： Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mountedon /dev/hda1 ext2 7.5G 4.7G 2.5G 65% / /dev/hda2 ext2 653M 6.6M 613M 1% /root /dev/hdb1 ext2 7.5G 3.5G 3.7G 49% /usr 71.Linux下有哪些压缩工具？ 在Linux下有很多种压缩工具，常用的有： 1） gzip/gunzip：这是GNU开发的自由软件，使用相当广泛。压缩文件扩展名为“.gz”。使用方法很简单，例如： gunzip eos.gz gzip /home/test/*.txt； 2） compress/uncompress：这是一对历史悠久的压缩程序，文件经过它压缩后，压缩文件扩展名为 “.Z”。 3）除此之外还有：zip/unzip、bzip2/bunzip2等。 72.如何管理进程？ 进程是程序的一次执行。可以使用“ps –auxw”列出在当前正在执行的进程的详细信息，包括每个进程都有的进程ID号。你可以通过“kill 进程ID号”来终止这个进程。 73.文件或目录的权限是什么意思？ 文件或目录的权限位由10位构成，如-rwxr-xr-x。 1） 第一位代表文件/目录类型：d代表目录、-代表文件、l代表链接； 2） 剩下的9位分成3组，每组3位；2-4位描述文件主人的权限，5-7位描述与文件主人同一用户组的权限，8-10位则是其它用户的权限。 3） rwx：每组的3位分别是：读权限、写权限、执行权限；如果是-就代表没有这个权限。 也就是说-rwxr-xr-x表示，这是个普通文件，文件主人可以读、写、执行这个文件，与文件主人同组的用户以及其它用户都可以读、执行这个文件。 74.什么是用户帐号？ 在Linux系统中，是通过用户帐号来标识每一个用户的，通过登录时输入不同的用户帐号和密码确定你的身份。也就是说，Linux系统通过用户帐号和管理系统的所有用户。 然后你可以创建一些用户组，将用户加入到组中去，让其获得用户组的权限。 75. 在Linux下，如何管理用户？ 如果你想要新增一个用户： 1） 以root登录，然后执行“adduser 用户帐号名” 2） 执行“passwd 用户帐号名”来为这个用户帐号设置密码。 执行“userdel 用户帐号”删除一个用户； 执行“groupadd 用户组名”新增一个用户组； 执行“groupdel 用户组名”删除一个用户组； 76. 如何为用户作磁盘限额？ 1）将要设置磁盘限额的分区，按以下格式修改/etc/fstab 文件： /dev/hda2 /home ext2 defaults,usrquota 1 2 2）在要设置磁盘限额的分区目录下创建空文件 quota.user #touch /home/quota.user #chmod 600 /home/quota.user 3）重启系统后，就可以使用edquota –u 用户名来设置。 77.如何备份系统？ 在Linux中，你可以使用dump/restore命令组来实现系统的备份与恢复。假设你需要将/usr目录下的所有文件完整地备份到磁带机上（假定设备是rmt8，不同的磁带机不相同），你可以使用命令： dump –O –f /dev/rmt8 /usr 其中-O参数代表备份全部文件，“-f 设备文件名”参数指定备份到什么地方，最后的目录名指定要备份的内容。 然后，你可以使用以下命令恢复： restore –r –f /dev/rmt8 78.如何安装.tar的软件包？ Linux软件有两种发布方式：一种是源代码方式，另一种是可执行文件包。而发布包大多是先用tar归档，再用gzip压缩，生成是以.tar.gz结束的文件。 你可以直接使用“tar xvfz 文件名”完成解压缩，解tar包工作。 如果你取得是可执行文件包，安装工作结束。 如果你取得是源代码包，则还需编译一下： 1） 在解压目录下运行“./configure”进行配置； 2） 在解压目录下运行“make”进行编译； 3） 运行“make install”安装。 79.如何使用RPM安装Linux软件？ RedHat公司提供的RPM工具，使得Linux软件安装更为方便。 1） 安装：rpm –ivh somesoft.rpm 2） 反安装：rpm –e somesoft.rpm 3） 查询：rpm –q somesoft 80.如果忘了root的密码，怎么办？ 如果你忘了root的密码，可以通过以下方法恢复： 1） 重新启动Linux，出现lilo:时，输入linuxsingle进入单用户模式； 2） 这时无需密码就取得了root权限； 3） 再运行passwd重新设置root的密码。 81.重装Windows而破坏了Lilo时，怎么办？ 这种情况可以使用两种方法恢复： 1）用Linux启动软盘启动，然后执行/sbin/lilo，重新在引导区建立lilo； 2）使用Linux安装光盘启动，选择升级系统，将会重建lilo。 82.如何制作Linux启动盘？ 在Linux下，有一个工具mkbootdisk能很方便地制作系统启动盘： 1） 查看系统的版本，可以通过ls /usr/src来看； 2） 插入一张空软盘； 3） 执行“mkbootdisk --verbose 2.2.5”。 83.如何远程使用Linux？ 我们可以使用telnet、rlogin、rsh、rcp等命令来实现远程使用Linux，但这这些方法在传输过程中是明文传输的，所以有可能带来许多不安全因素。因此，应尽量避免远程使用root帐户登录系统。 如何构建安全的远程登录？ 使用SSH来实现安全的远程登录，因为SSH实现了数据传输的加密。 1） 从ftp.cs.htu.fi/pub/ssh获取ssh-1.26.tar.gz文件； 2） 用tar xvpf ssh-1.26.tar.gz解开这个包； 3） 到解开的目录/usr/local/src/ssh-1.26目录下执行./configure； 4） 执行make和make install来完成编译和安装。 5） 你就可以使用ssh来与安装了SSH的服务器建立安全的远程连接。 85.如何运行计划任务？ 大大可能对Windows中的计划任务都比较熟悉了，它可以通过一些简单的设置，定时完成一些任务。在Linux系统的维护中，我们可以也会需要定期执行一些任务，这种情况可以使用： 1） at命令：它可以键盘或文件中读取指令，然后在指定时间完执行； 2） crontab守候进程：通过设置它的配置文件来定时执行某些任务。 86.Linux的开机过程都做了什么？ 1） 一开机，CPU将控制权交给BIOS，BIOS完成开机自检； 2） 然后BIOS读取磁盘上的第一个扇区，并装入主引导扇区的lilo； 3） lilo根据输入选择不同的内核映象，如果你选择了linux就读取/boot下的核心映象； 4） 核心开始硬件检测和设备驱动程序的初始化，然后运行init 5） init进程根据/etc/inittab的配置运行一系列初始化脚本； 6） 完成后，启动getty进程接受用户的登录。 87.如何设置开机自动运行程序？ 你可以在以下几个脚本文件中加入你想一启动系统就执行的命令： /etc/rc.local、/etc/rc.sysinit以及/etc/rc.d/init.d。 88.为什么需要重新编译内核？ 以下情况你需要重新编译内核，或加入动态内核模块： 1） 更新驱动程序； 2） 根据自己的需求定制最可靠的内核； 3） 升级Linux内核。 89.如何重新编译内核？ 1） 进入Linux源代码目录：cd /usr/src/linux 2） 执行“make config”或“make menuconfig”、“make xconfig”配置内核选项，选中你想要的模块，去掉不想要的模块； 3） 执行“make zImage”命令，大概30到90分钟后，会生成一个zImage的新内核映像文件，存放在/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot目录下； 4） 然后将其拷贝到/boot目录下； 5） 修改lilo.conf文件，加入： image=/boot/zImage label=newlinux root=/dev/hda1 （根据原来的文件） 运行/sbin/lilo使修改生效。 6）重新启动，在Lilo时，输入newlinux就可以新内核启动。 90.什么是动态内核模块？ 动态内核模块是Linux一个成功的设计，它使得Linux更加灵活，易于定制。其实动态内核模块就是一个内核模块，它可以在不重新编译内核的情况，动态地将一些功能用“insmod 模块名”命令加入内核、用“rmmod 模块名”命令将其移出内核。 六、 廉价的网络解决方案---Linux：9问 91.如何使用Linux架设WEB服务器？ Apache服务器是在Linux架设WEB服务器的首选。你可以在安装Linux时就选择安装它。若在安装时没有安装Apache的话，你可以从光盘或者到apache网站上找到文件：apache-1.3.12.i386.rpm，然后执行以下命令完成安装： 1）rpm –ivh apache-1.3.12.i386.rpm 2）修改/etc/httpd/conf目录下的配置文件httpd.conf、access.conf等； 3）将主页文件放到/home/httpd/html目录下； 4）执行“/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start”启动Apache服务器 如果需要关闭的话，可以执行/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd stop命令。 92.如何使用Linux架设FTP服务器？ 在Linux中，最常用的FTP服务软件当数wu-ftpd，如果在安装linux时没安装上它。你可从光盘或者网站rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/WbyName.html获取它的RPM包：wu-ftpd-2.6.0-9.i386.rpm。然后执行以下命令完成安装： rpm -ivh wu-ftpd-2.6.0-9.i386.rpm 编辑 "/etc/inetd.conf" 文件，指向新的ftpd守护进程，如下所示： ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.ftpd -l –a 到此为止，你的Linux就可以接受FTP服务了。 93.如何使用Linux架设E-MAIL服务器？ Linux中，最常用的E-MAIL服务器是Sendmail，你可以在安装Linux时将其选中。 1） 在DNS服务器上为E-Mail服务器做一条MX记录； 2） 编辑/etc/inetd.conf文件，将关于pop和smtp的行的注释符去掉； 3） 执行kill –HUP inetd，使修改生效； 这样E-mail服务器的用户就可通过Outlook等客户端程序进行收发邮件了。 94.如何使用Linux架设News服务器？ 在安装Linux时，选择INN软件包，并允许开机时启动innd。在完成系统的安装时，大部分配置工作已经完成，无需编译源码。 1）配置/etc/news/inn.conf： domain: foo.com organization: foo company news site server: localhost 根据实际情况填写； 2）配置/etc/news/nnrp.access nnrp.access是用来完成News Readers服务的守候进程nnrpd的配置文件，用于控制对站点的访问，修改此文件无须启动INND。 3）添加新闻组： 可以手工编辑/var/lib/news/active文件添加新闻组，也可以使用ctlinnd命令来增加。若是手工方式修改新闻组，须执行以下命令使其生效： ctlinnd reload active "modify active" 95.如何使用Linux架设BBS？ 1） 从ftp://pbbs.chpi.edu.tw/pub/pbbs/source下载PowerBBS的源代码发行包文件pbbs.tar.gz； 2） 执行tar zxvf pbbs.tar.gz解开文件； 3） 进入pbbs目录，运行Install； 4） 根据具体需求改变默认的设置。 96.如何让Linux成为文件服务器？ 在Linux中，你可以用Samba来做文件服务器，你可以在安装Linux时选中Samba就可以完成安装。 1） 编辑/etc/smb.conf，修改配置： 　 netbios name=linux workgroup=SambaServer server string=Samba Server hosts allow=192.168.9. 127. 　 securoty=share interfaces=192.168.9.1/24 name resolve order=host dns bcast wins support=no 2）重新启动SMB服务器：/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart 3）编辑客户机的hosts文件，加入对Samba Server的解析； 4）最后你就可以在网上邻居上看到它了。 97.如何使用Linux架设代理服务器？ 1） 到http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/下载Squid代理服务器软件squid-2.2.STABLE3-src.tar.gz； 2） 执行tar xzxf squid-2.2.STABLE3-src.tar.gz 3） 执行./configure 4） 执行make，make install安装到/usr/local/squid目录下； 5） 编辑/usr/local/squid/squid.conf文件，加入： acl allowed_hosts src 192.168.9.0/255.255.255.0 注：假设你的内网IP地址是192.168.9.0； 6） 执行/usr/local/squid/bin/squid –z进行初始化 7） 执行/usr/local/squid/bin/squid开启服务 8） 在客户端设置代理服务器IP和端口3128，就可以访问Internet了。 98.如何使用Linux架设透明网关？ 确认Linux内核已经支持ipchain，然后编写一个脚本ipchains.rule，内容为： 注：假设透明网关服务器的外网地址是：1.2.3.4，已经与Internet相连；内网地址是192.168.9.1，连在内网上。 #!/bin/sh /sbin/ipchains -F forward /sbin/ipchains -F input /sbin/ipchains -F output /sbin/ipchains -P forward DENY /sbin/ipchains -P input ACCEPT /sbin/ipchains -P output ACCEPT external_interface=1.2.3.4 /sbin/ipchains -A input -j ACCEPT -i lo /sbin/ipchains -A output -j ACCEPT -i lo /sbin/ipchains -A input -j DENY -i eth1 -s 192.168.9.0/24 /sbin/ipchains -A input -j DENY -i eth1 -d 192.168.9.0/24 /sbin/ipchains -A output -j DENY -i eth1 -s 192.168.9.0/24 /sbin/ipchains -A output -j DENY -i eth1 -d 192.168.9.0/24 /sbin/ipchains -A input -j DENY -i eth1 -s $external_interface/32 /sbin/ipchains -A input -j DENY -i eth1 -s $external_interface/32 /sbin/ipchains -A output -j DENY -i eth1 -d $external_interface/32 /sbin/ipchains -A forward -j ACCEPT -i eth0 -s 192.168.9.0/24 -d 192.168.9.0/24 /sbin/modprobe ip_masq_ftp /sbin/modprobe ip_masq_quake /sbin/modprobe ip_masq_irc /sbin/modprobe ip_masq_user /sbin/modprobe ip_masq_raudio /sbin/ipchains -A forward -j MASQ -i eth1 -s 192.168.9.0/24 运行这个脚本后，192.168.9.0网络中的所有机器只需将网关设置为192.168.9.1，就可以连到Internet上了。 99. Linux还能构建什么服务器？ Linux还可以成为域名服务器、PPP服务器、CVS服务器、路由器、防火墙，而且还可以通过LVS解决方式还构建服务器集群系统。因为在此篇幅有限，仅是点到为止，若有兴趣可以参考专业的Linux书籍。 linux问答99 给你顶一下哦。。。 [ 关闭窗口 ]